Kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam uas tsis muaj kev tso tawm yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, los ntawm kev siv cov txuj ci los ua kom tau zoo ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab thiab kev siv cov peev txheej, los txo cov pa phem ib puag ncig, kev tiv thaiv cov peev txheej dej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Kuv yuav qhia txog ntau txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam uas tsis muaj kev tso tawm.
Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev siv tshuab kho lub cev yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav ua kom cov dej khib nyiab tsis muaj kev tso tawm. Ntawm lawv, kev siv tshuab sib cais membrane yog ib txoj kev kho lub cev zoo thiab txuag hluav taws xob. Los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv membrane uas muaj qhov loj sib txawv, cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab cov hlau hnyav hauv cov dej khib nyiab raug sib cais kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ntxuav dej. Kev siv tshuab lim dej ob chav membrane, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ultrafiltration membrane thiab reverse osmosis membrane, yog ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tshuab sib cais membrane. Cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntau qhov kev lim dej tob, tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo, thiab rov ua dua cov dej khib nyiab kom raug kom ua tiav xoom qhov tso tawm.
Qhov thib ob, kev siv tshuaj kho mob kuj yog ib txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los ua kom tiav kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam uas tsis muaj pa phem. Kev siv tshuaj Redox hloov cov pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj teeb meem los ntawm kev tshuaj lom neeg, yog li ua tiav kev kho dej khib nyiab tob. Cov thev naus laus zis oxidation siab heev, xws li Fenton oxidation thiab ozone oxidation, tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov organic teeb meem uas nyuaj rau biodegradate hauv cov dej khib nyiab thiab txhim kho biochemistry ntawm cov dej khib nyiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj kev tshuaj lom neeg precipitation, txoj kev pauv ion, thiab lwm yam kuj yog cov thev naus laus zis kho mob siv ntau, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov hlau hnyav ions thiab cov khoom dai hauv cov dej khib nyiab.
Kev siv tshuab kho cov kab mob yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab uas tsis muaj kev tso tawm. Kev siv tshuab kho cov kab mob siv cov metabolism ntawm cov kab mob me me los rhuav tshem thiab hloov cov organic hauv cov dej khib nyiab. Cov txheej txheem kho cov kab mob feem ntau suav nrog cov sludge ua kom muaj zog, biofilm, thiab kev zom zaub mov anaerobic. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov organic pa phem hauv cov dej khib nyiab, txo cov biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) thiab cov tshuaj oxygen demand (COD) ntawm cov dej khib nyiab, thiab ua tiav kev kho cov dej khib nyiab tsis muaj teeb meem.
Ntxiv rau ntau txoj kev siv tshuab saum toj no, muaj qee cov thev naus laus zis tshiab uas tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam uas tsis muaj kev tso tawm. Piv txwv li, kev siv tshuab evaporation crystallisation ua tiav kev sib cais cov dej khib nyiab khov thiab kua los ntawm kev ua kom cov dej hauv cov dej khib nyiab ua pa kom cov ntsev uas yaj hauv nws crystallize thiab tawm mus. Cov thev naus laus zis no tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov ntsev thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tso tawm xoom.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, kev siv tshuab rov qab tau cov peev txheej kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua tiav qhov tsis muaj kev tso tawm hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam. Los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab rov qab tau cov khoom siv hauv cov dej khib nyiab, tsis yog tsuas yog txo tau cov pa phem ntawm cov dej khib nyiab xwb, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav kev siv cov peev txheej dua tshiab. Piv txwv li, cov hlau hnyav thiab cov organic hauv cov dej khib nyiab tuaj yeem rov qab tau thiab siv los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb los ua kom siv cov dej khib nyiab tau zoo.
Hauv kev xaus lus, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev siv tshuab los kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam yam tsis muaj kev tso tawm, suav nrog kev siv tshuab kho lub cev, kev siv tshuab kho tshuaj, kev siv tshuab kho tsiaj txhu thiab kev siv tshuab rov qab tau cov peev txheej. Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis no yuav tsum tau xaiv thiab ua kom zoo raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov dej khib nyiab thiab cov kev xav tau kev kho, txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab zoo, txuag hluav taws xob thiab zoo rau ib puag ncig yam tsis muaj kev tso tawm. Nrog rau kev nce qib thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, nws ntseeg tau tias yav tom ntej yuav muaj cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuab siab dua hauv kev kho cov dej khib nyiab hauv kev lag luam, los txhawb kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig mus rau qib siab dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-29-2024